Constraint AND Expression option in SSIS Precedence 2008 R2

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roopesh.valluru
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Introduction:
The control flow in a SSIS package defines the workflow for that package. Control flow determine the order in which tasks will run, it also determines under what conditions they are executed. In other words, certain tasks will run only when a set of defined conditions are met. These conditions in a workflow can be configured by using Precedence Constraints. Precedence constraints link the individual executable and determine how the workflow moves from one executable to the next.
More about Precedence Constraints:
A Constraint is a predefined conditional check in the package that can be used to link between control flow tasks. A task will only execute if the condition that is set by the precedence constraint preceding the task is met. By using these constraints, it is possible to ensure different execution paths depending on the success or failure of other tasks. This means that tasks with precedence constraints can be used to determine the workflow of an SSIS package. If the Constraint Evaluation operation is selected as Expression and Constraint, then both the expression option and Constraint value option are enabled. The following flow charts will explain the possible combinations.

In the above flow chart, Task2 will be executed only if the expression is executed successfully and the Task 1 is executed successfully.

In the above flow chart, Task2 will be executed only if the expression is executed successfully and the Task 1 is failed as the precedence constraint value is chosen as Failure.

In the above flow chart, Task2 will be executed only if the expression is executed successfully and the Task 1 is completed.

Now, to see the precedence with expressions and constraints in action, follow the below steps –
1. Add two SQL tasks to control flow editor of your project as shown in the below figure.

2. Now for each task, set the valid database connections and write the SQL query that is to be executed for each task as shown in the below figure.  To set the database connections and to write SQL query, double click on Task rectangle, the the following window will be opened. Then click on “OK” button. Similarly set the database connection and write the valid SQL query for Task1 also.


3. Now, a small arrow will be appeared on Execute SQL Task, drag and drop this arrow mark from Execute SQL Task to Execute SQL Task 1. What this does is we are setting the workflow between these two tasks. Now to set the condition checks to determine upon what constraints these two tasks execute, the precedence constraints need to be set. When double clicked on the arrow line, the following window will appear. Set the Evaluation operation as Expression and Constraint as well as the value for the constraint and click on “OK” button.

4. The control flow pane can be as shown in the below. The fx and the green arrow mark between the task 1 and task 2 denotes that task2 will be executed only when the expression is executed and task 1 is successful.

5. The result can be shown in the below picture.

6. When the supplied expression is not executed successfully or the task 1 is not successful, the task 2 will not be executed.

7. If the precedence constraint value is set to Failure and the expression is successful, the execution of task 1 and task 2 will be as follows.

Now when the task 1 fails to execute and expression is successful, the task 2 executes. If the task 1 executes successfully and expression is true then task 2 will not be executed.

 8. If the precedence constraint is chosen as on Completion and the expression as shown in the below picture.
The blue line denotes that the completion of task and the fx denotes the expression in the below picture.

If the task 1 fails or the expression is executed to false then the result will be as shown in the below picture.

If the task 1 fails or the expression is executed to false then the result will be as shown in the below picture.

This is it .. a complete detailed post on the same.. Thanks Kranthi for the beautiful doc.. Waiting for more like this ..

Regards,
Roopesh Babu V

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    We know Canadian far north Copper Inuit and Alaskan Yupik wore snow goggles of many kinds made of antlers or whalebone and with tiny horizontal slits. Wearers looked through these and they were protected against the snow’s brilliant light when hunting. At the same time the very narrow eye holes helped them to focus on their prey.

    In 12th-century China, judges wore sunglasses with smoked quartz lenses to hide their facial expressions — perhaps to retain their dignity or not convey emotions.

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  29. Carrie Underwood slated to perform at Trump’s inauguration
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    Country music star Carrie Underwood is slated to perform “America the Beautiful” at President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration, according to a copy of the program obtained by CNN and confirmed by a spokesperson for the inaugural committee.

    “I love our country and am honored to have been asked to sing at the Inauguration and to be a small part of this historic event,” Underwood said in a statement to CNN. “I am humbled to answer the call at a time when we must all come together in the spirit of unity and looking to the future.”

    The presidential oath of office will be administered by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts with Justice Brett Kavanaugh expected to administer the oath of office to Vice President-elect JD Vance.

    Trump’s inauguration as the 47th president of the United States will take place on January 20 at the US Capitol.

    Underwood is a big get for Trump’s inauguration, considering Hollywood’s Trump blackout over the course of his political career.

    In his first term and throughout the past three elections, Trump has struggled to garner support from major Hollywood stars. At the Republican National Convention last year, the two biggest stars onstage with Trump were musician Kid Rock and retired WWE wrestler Hulk Hogan – a far cry from a superstar at the height of their career, like Underwood.

    The Grammy-winning artist is as high-profile as you can get in country music, not only with numerous platinum hits, but also with public-facing, mainstream business associations. Underwood is the face of Sunday Night Football and is set to make her debut this March as a judge on ABC’s “American Idol” – the singing competition show that catapulted her to fame when she won in 2005.

    While many NFL fans will likely applaud Underwood for singing at the inauguration, any time a celebrity aligns themselves with Trump, they run the risk of alienating left-leaning fans and Hollywood allies.

    Underwood has kept her politics under wraps over the course of her career. In her statement, she did not mention Trump by name and kept her focus on unifying the country – still, Underwood’s decision to publicly align with Trump is a big statement for any star, particularly one as private as the singer.

    Historically, Hollywood has always been closely associated with the Democratic Party, but country stars have always been an outlier, leaning more conservative. In recent years, as new singers join the genre, country music has gotten to be more progressive. This past election cycle, country stars like Mickey Guyton and Maren Morris stood with Vice President Kamala Harris.

  30. They’ve sailed across Southeast Asia for centuries. Now, these sea nomads are being forced to live on land
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    Bilkuin Jimi Salih doesn’t remember how old he was when he learned to dive, only, that all the men in his family can do it.

    It might have been his grandfather who taught him, or his father, or even an uncle or cousin. He recalls swimming dozens of feet underwater among the reefs, collecting spider conches, abalone and sea cucumbers to sell at the local fish market.

    “One of our specialties is that, because we live on the sea and we’re always in the sea, we can dive in the water for a long time,” says Salih, via a translator. “We learn by observing, and from there, we develop our own technique.”

    To most people, Salih’s free diving skills are highly unusual; but not to his community. Salih is Bajau Laut, an indigenous seafaring group in Southeast Asia that has lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle on the ocean for centuries. Living on boats and fishing for income and sustenance, the Bajau Laut aren’t just reliant on the sea: they’re biologically adapted to it, with larger spleens that give them the ability to hold their breath for far longer than the average person.

    “We’re very comfortable in the water,” says Salih. The 20-year-old was born on board a lepa, a type of houseboat, on the shore of Omadal Island, off the coast of Semporna in Malaysian Borneo.

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  35. Most flights don’t want you joining the Mile-High Club. This company encourages it
    kraken market
    In our travel news roundup this week: the rise in solo dining, where to save money at US ski resorts, plus the Californian hot-air balloon company offering a rather cheeky package.

    Your love keeps lifting me higher
    Is it getting hot in here, or is a gas-burner propelling a dirigible above our heads?

    A California-based hot-air balloon company is offering mile-high flights – with amorous Mile-High Club privileges – over the Temecula countryside.

    Guests can enjoy the views with a whole basket to themselves – and a privacy screen separating the pilot compartment from the passenger cabin.

    The pilot, who Magical Adventure Balloon Rides promises will be wearing protective hearing gear and focused solely on flying, ascends the balloon to 5,280 feet (about 1,610 meters), which is about 2,000 feet higher than a typical recreational flight.

    While intimate clinches are usually thoroughly discouraged in the skies, the company invites you to bring your own bedding and music playlist. A complimentary Champagne breakfast is included to fuel your frolics, of whatever sort.

    Pricing for two passengers starts at $1,400. If your mantra is “the more the merrier,” each additional adult in the larger 10-person basket is $159.

    The Mile-High Club flight is just one of a host of packages on offer, from wine tours to company picnics, the rest of which are considerably more family-friendly.
    All by myself
    Sometimes it can seem like the world is full of lovers floating high on cloud nine, but don’t fret if you’re going it alone this Valentine’s season: You’re bang on trend.

    Millennials and Gen Z are breaking down the stigma attached to solo dining in an era when more Americans live alone than ever before. Some do it for convenience; some do it for freedom — either way, reservations for one are on the rise.

    Once you’ve mastered dining alone, it’s time for bigger challenges, such as walking across Saudi Arabia. British explorer Alice Morrison, who has been called “Indiana Jones for girls,” is in the middle of her five-month trek of 2,500 kilometers (about 1,550 miles).

    Others are opting for a permanent adventure. Californian Jason Bennett gave up his life in San Francisco for a new home in Colombia. Today he says his happiness is “off the charts.”

  36. Most flights don’t want you joining the Mile-High Club. This company encourages it
    kraken market
    In our travel news roundup this week: the rise in solo dining, where to save money at US ski resorts, plus the Californian hot-air balloon company offering a rather cheeky package.

    Your love keeps lifting me higher
    Is it getting hot in here, or is a gas-burner propelling a dirigible above our heads?

    A California-based hot-air balloon company is offering mile-high flights – with amorous Mile-High Club privileges – over the Temecula countryside.

    Guests can enjoy the views with a whole basket to themselves – and a privacy screen separating the pilot compartment from the passenger cabin.

    The pilot, who Magical Adventure Balloon Rides promises will be wearing protective hearing gear and focused solely on flying, ascends the balloon to 5,280 feet (about 1,610 meters), which is about 2,000 feet higher than a typical recreational flight.

    While intimate clinches are usually thoroughly discouraged in the skies, the company invites you to bring your own bedding and music playlist. A complimentary Champagne breakfast is included to fuel your frolics, of whatever sort.

    Pricing for two passengers starts at $1,400. If your mantra is “the more the merrier,” each additional adult in the larger 10-person basket is $159.

    The Mile-High Club flight is just one of a host of packages on offer, from wine tours to company picnics, the rest of which are considerably more family-friendly.
    All by myself
    Sometimes it can seem like the world is full of lovers floating high on cloud nine, but don’t fret if you’re going it alone this Valentine’s season: You’re bang on trend.

    Millennials and Gen Z are breaking down the stigma attached to solo dining in an era when more Americans live alone than ever before. Some do it for convenience; some do it for freedom — either way, reservations for one are on the rise.

    Once you’ve mastered dining alone, it’s time for bigger challenges, such as walking across Saudi Arabia. British explorer Alice Morrison, who has been called “Indiana Jones for girls,” is in the middle of her five-month trek of 2,500 kilometers (about 1,550 miles).

    Others are opting for a permanent adventure. Californian Jason Bennett gave up his life in San Francisco for a new home in Colombia. Today he says his happiness is “off the charts.”

  37. Look of the Week: Kendrick Lamar’s Super Bowl pants signal the return of flares
    kra28 cc
    This year’s Super Bowl halftime show was hardly a fashion extravaganza, with headliner Kendrick Lamar keeping things simple in a backwards cap and motorbike-style varsity jacket, which he kept on throughout.

    And without the costume-change roulette we’ve come to expect of halftime shows, the internet fixated on one item in particular: his jeans.

    While not quite the bell-bottoms of decades past (the 1970s and the 2000s, specifically), the Compton-born rapper’s washed denim pants flared out at the knee and dragged beneath his heels along the stage at Caesars Superdrome in New Orleans. His silhouette stood in stark contrast to that of record producer Mustard, who made a brief cameo in a pair of outsized jeans straight from the West Coast hip-hop playbook.
    Opinions were, as ever, divided on social media. Some users described Lamar’s flares as “women’s jeans” and “Hannah Montana pants,” earning him comparisons to everyone from Jennifer Aniston to country singer Lainey Wilson. Others joked that their moms were looking for a similar pair or that they nodded to millennials, for whom flares were a teenage staple.

    But those suggesting his style was outdated, or gender-inappropriate, may not have been paying attention to the recent resurgence of flares — in both womenswear and menswear. After all, Lamar’s jeans were designed by one of the most influential figures in modern fashion, Celine’s former creative director Hedi Slimane, before he departed the French label in October.

  38. Cute baby animals bring visitors to zoos and aquariums. What happens when they grow up?
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    One of the best things that can happen to a zoo or aquarium is for one of their resident animals to go viral.

    Just look at the multi-hour-long lines to see Moo Deng, a pygmy hippo in Thailand who has become an internet sensation following her July 2024 birth. The sassy animal is now a full-on brand, with Khao Kheow Open Zoo selling Moo Deng merchandise and even releasing a single “by” the hippo in multiple languages.

    Meanwhile, Pesto — a baby king penguin who was eating more fish than his parents by the time he was a few weeks old — is also an online celebrity, with human stars like Olivia Rodrigo and Katy Perry stopping by to meet him.

    But what happens when these cute animals become, well, less cute? The Sea Life Melbourne aquarium has already been planning for the next phase of Pesto’s life — and answering questions from the public about his changing appearance.

    It’s normal for king penguins to lose their feathers by the time they’re about a year old and become confident swimmers. As a result, a spokesperson for the aquarium says, guests have started asking why Pesto looks different — or why they can’t find him at all.

    “We are getting a few guests thinking we have moved him off display completely,” says the spokesperson. “Most of the team’s time is spent pointing him out to guests because he looks so different now.”
    The bottom line is that cute baby animals make money.

    Admission tickets are only the beginning. Many zoos and aquariums offer special “behind the scenes” or “zookeeper for a day” packages at much higher prices. At Sea Life Melbourne, standard entry tickets for adults start at $51, while the Penguin Passport — which include a 45-minute tour of the birds’ area and a look at how their food is prepared — is $199.

    The real jackpot, though, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ books and other branded products are a major way for zoos and aquariums to make money.

  41. ‘You get one split second’: The story behind a viral bird photo
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    By his own admission, James Crombie knew “very, very little” about starlings before Covid-19 struck. An award-winning sports photographer by trade, his only previous encounter with the short-tailed birds occurred when one fell into his fireplace after attempting to nest in the chimney of his home in the Irish Midlands.

    “I always had too much going on with sport to think about wildlife,” said Crombie, who has covered three Olympic Games and usually shoots rugby and the Irish game of hurling, in a Zoom interview.

    With the pandemic bringing major events to a halt, however, the photographer found himself at a loose end. So, when a recently bereaved friend proposed visiting a nearby lake to see flocks of starlings in flight (known as murmurations), Crombie brought along his camera — one that was conveniently well-suited to the job.

    “You get one split second,” he said of the similarities between sport and nature photography. “They’re both shot at relatively high speeds and they’re both shot with equipment that can handle that.”

    On that first evening, in late 2020, they saw around 100 starlings take to the sky before roosting at dusk. The pair returned to the lake — Lough Ennell in Ireland’s County Westmeath — over successive nights, choosing different vantage points from which to view the birds. The routine became a form of therapy for his grieving friend and a source of fascination for Crombie.

    “It started to become a bit of an obsession,” recalled the photographer, who recently published a book of his starling images. “And every night that we went down, we learned a little bit more. We realized where we had to be and where (the starlings) were going to be. It just started to snowball from there.”
    ‘I’ve got something special here’
    Scientists do not know exactly why starlings form murmurations, though they are thought to offer collective protection against predators, such as falcons. The phenomenon can last from just a few seconds to 45 minutes, sometimes involving tens of thousands of individual birds. In Ireland, starlings’ numbers are boosted during winter, as migrating flocks arrive from breeding grounds around Western Europe and Scandinavia.

    Crombie often saw the birds form patterns and abstract shapes, their varying densities appearing like the subtle gradations of paint strokes. The photographer became convinced that, with enough patience, he could capture a recognizable shape.

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  53. O mundo moderno está mudando rapidamente. As abordagens clássicas para finanças, investimentos e preservação de capital estão deixando de ser eficazes. Nesse ambiente dinâmico, surgem ferramentas capazes de resolver os problemas emergentes e se tornar um suporte confiável para o futuro financeiro. Uma dessas ferramentas é o token UTLH.Neste artigo, veremos o UTLH sob uma nova perspectiva. Deixaremos de lado os detalhes técnicos e números, e focaremos na filosofia, ideologia e aplicação prática do token, que o tornam uma proposta única no mercado de criptoativos.Por que o mundo precisa do token UTLH?O dinheiro deixou de ser apenas uma forma de pagamento — agora ele simboliza liberdade e oportunidades. Pessoas ao redor do mundo enfrentam limitações financeiras, burocracia, inflação e controle por parte das instituições bancárias e do governo.Em um contexto de instabilidade global, surge uma necessidade urgente de instrumentos financeiros transparentes, honestos e protegidos, que permitam ao indivíduo controlar seu bem-estar e gerir seu capital acumulado de forma autônoma. O token UTLH tornou-se exatamente essa ferramenta.UTLH – Mais do que dinheiroQuando o UTLH foi criado, sua base estava na ideia de independência financeira e ajuda mútua. Não é apenas mais um criptoativo para especulação em bolsas, mas uma filosofia fundamentalmente nova. O UTLH é inspirado no desejo das pessoas de se unirem, apoiarem-se mutuamente e alcançarem objetivos pessoais e financeiros em conjunto.O UTLH se tornou a personificação da ideia de que o sucesso não é sorte nem acaso, mas o resultado inevitável de decisões bem estruturadas, colaboração honesta e esforços combinados dos membros da comunidade.Ecossistema UTLH: Uma comunidade forte e oportunidades reaisO token UTLH foi criado especificamente para o clube internacional fechado UTL Club. No entanto, sua verdadeira força não está no fechamento, mas sim em seu modelo único de interação entre os participantes.Cada detentor de token não é apenas um proprietário de um ativo, mas faz parte de uma poderosa comunidade onde os participantes se apoiam e compartilham conhecimentos. O efeito desse ecossistema já pode ser visto na vida de muitas famílias que obtiveram a oportunidade de resolver problemas habitacionais, criar negócios ou simplesmente se proteger da inflação.Portanto, o token UTLH é uma ferramenta que fortalece a comunidade e torna cada participante mais bem-sucedido.UTLH como um ativo de proteção em tempos de incertezaEm tempos de turbulências econômicas e crises geopolíticas, o UTLH revela outra grande vantagem — proteção contra riscos externos.Graças ao fato de o token ser baseado na blockchain Binance Smart Chain, ele está protegido contra controle externo e quaisquer restrições. É por isso que muitos investidores, empresários e pessoas comuns veem o UTLH não apenas como uma forma de gerar receita, mas também como uma maneira de preservar e proteger suas economias.Psicologia do sucesso: Por que os detentores de UTLH se sentem mais confiantes?Na psicologia, é bem conhecido que a estabilidade financeira e a confiança no futuro são fatores chave para o bem-estar e conforto interior. A posse de UTLH afeta não apenas a conta bancária do proprietário, mas também seu estado emocional.Por quê? Primeiro, a renda passiva obtida com o staking do token proporciona uma sensação de estabilidade. Segundo, a possibilidade de usar o token no programa UFA permite que as pessoas não se preocupem com situações imprevistas da vida. E, por fim, a transparência e previsibilidade do projeto dão a cada participante a sensação de controle sobre sua própria vida.O futuro já chegou: O potencial de desenvolvimento internacional do UTLHO UTLH não é um projeto estático, mas uma iniciativa global em constante desenvolvimento. Hoje, a equipe do clube trabalha ativamente na expansão geográfica e na atração de novos participantes em todo o mundo.O UTLH é perfeitamente adequado para expansão internacional, pois não está vinculado a moedas nacionais ou fronteiras. Isso cria uma base para escalabilidade global e fortalecimento do token como um instrumento internacional de preservação e crescimento de capital.Qual é a utilidade prática do UTLH para as pessoas comuns?A possibilidade de investir e obter uma renda passiva estável (24% ao ano).Financiamento transparente e acessível através do programa UFA.Armazenamento seguro de capital em uma blockchain protegida e transparente.Sensação de estabilidade financeira e confiança.Suporte e ajuda mútua em uma poderosa comunidade internacional.Três passos para a liberdade financeira com UTLHPara começar a usar com sucesso as oportunidades do token, você precisa:Adquirir tokens — é simples e rápido.Colocá-los em staking — receba pagamentos mensais sem ações extras.Usar os tokens no programa UFA — caso precise de fundos para qualquer objetivo.Assim, o token UTLH torna-se uma ferramenta completa para independência financeira e segurança.Conclusão: UTLH – A filosofia da liberdade e do sucessoO UTLH é muito mais do que apenas um token. É:Uma nova maneira de pensar e se relacionar com as finanças.A possibilidade de proteger e multiplicar o capital sem intermediários.Uma comunidade de pessoas com os mesmos ideais, buscando prosperar juntos.Uma ferramenta financeira eficaz e transparente, perfeita para resolver problemas da vida cotidiana.Investir no UTLH é investir no seu próprio futuro, na confiança, proteção e liberdade.Junte-se à comunidade UTL Club e comece a aproveitar as oportunidades do token UTLH hoje mesmo!Seu futuro merece ser brilhante e bem-sucedido — com o UTLH, isso é real. 

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  56. Remote and rugged
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    A more organic way to see this coast is by the multi-day coastal ferry, the long-running Sarfaq Ittuk, of the Arctic Umiaq Line. It’s less corporate than the modern cruise ships and travelers get to meet Inuit commuters. Greenland is pricey. Lettuce in a local community store might cost $10, but this coastal voyage won’t break the bank.

    The hot ticket currently for exploring Greenland’s wilder side is to head to the east coast facing Europe. It’s raw and sees far fewer tourists, with a harshly dramatic coastline of fjords where icebergs drift south. There are no roads and the scattered population of just over 3,500 people inhabit a coastline roughly the distance from New York to Denver.

    A growing number of small expedition vessels probe this remote coast for its frosted scenery and wildlife. Increasingly popular is the world’s largest fjord system of Scoresby Sound with its sharp-fanged mountains and hanging valleys choked by glaciers. Sailing north is the prosaically named North East Greenland National Park, fabulous for spotting wildlife on the tundra.

    Travelers come to see polar bears which, during the northern hemisphere’s summer, move closer to land as the sea-ice melts. There are also musk oxen, great flocks of migrating geese, Arctic foxes and walrus.
    Some of these animals are fair game for the local communities. Perhaps Greenland’s most interesting cultural visit is to a village that will take longer to learn how to pronounce than actually walk around — Ittoqqortoormiit. Five hundred miles north of its neighboring settlement, the 345 locals are frozen in for nine months of the year. Ships sail in to meet them during the brief summer melt between June and August.

    Locked in by ice, they’ve retained traditional habits.

    “My parents hunt nearly all their food,” said Mette Barselajsen, who owns Ittoqqortoormiit’s only guesthouse. “They prefer the old ways, burying it in the ground to ferment and preserve it. Just one muskox can bring 440 pounds of meat.”

  57. Of course, he said yes to coming back to the series, which eventually required him to live in Italy for a few months for filming.
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    During production, White revealed to Gries that Greg is “very sinister.” That became rather irrefutable by the season’s climax, which saw Tanya’s demise orchestrated by her now-husband.

    Come Season 3, Gries had to rewrite Greg’s backstory again, this time drawing from some unlikely sources for inspiration, like HBO docuseries “The Jinx,” about late convicted killer Robert Durst, and the case involving the man who came to be known as the Tinder Swindler.

    Gries said he was struck by Durst’s “kind of seemingly even keel personality,” which served as a model for where Greg was headed, someone “who doesn’t really show a great deal of emotion, doesn’t seem to get too angry, just gets a little bit irritated and is dangerous.”

    “There’s a bridled rage underneath. And those kind of people I find – at least with respect to Gary, Greg, Gary – fascinating,” he said.

    And yet, while searching for an empathetic way back to portraying his character, Gries kept wondering if there was anything still redeeming about Greg.
    An important “wake up moment” came during a decisive conversation he had with White just before filming in Thailand, in which the show’s creator said of Greg, in no uncertain terms: “He’s a psychopath.”

    “And that was it. It was like, ‘back to the drawing board.’ And it really did help me,” Gries said.

    The penultimate episode of the series will air on Sunday, an evening that thanks to “Lotus” and other shows has again become a night of appointment viewing amid a general move away from binge watching. Gries said he appreciates the shift.

    “We’re a society that in a weird way doesn’t understand the beauty of waiting. The beauty of the space between the notes,” he shared. “If I binged (‘White Lotus’) I’d feel like I just ate too many chocolates. It just wouldn’t be the same. You need to process this.”

    “The White Lotus” airs Sundays at 9 p.m. EDT on HBO, with the episode available to stream on Max. HBO and Max, like CNN, are owned by the same parent company, Warner Bros. Discovery.

  60. Water and life
    Eth Mixer
    Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.

    Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.

    “Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”

    However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
    Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.

    “We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”

    Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”

  61. Water and life
    Eth Mixer
    Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.

    Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.

    “Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”

    However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
    Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.

    “We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”

    Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”

  66. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту техники.
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    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  68. As well as others, Unijoin has both a clear-web CryptoMixer. This mixing service is notable for accommodating extremely large-volume transactions. After public verification of their reserve of 2000 BTC there is no doubt that users can trust this mixing service and their cryprocurrencies will not be taken. The number of needed confirmations differs depending on the deposited amount, e.g. for depositing less that 25 BTC there is only 1 confirmation needed, in case of sending more than 1000 BTC a user needs to gather 5 confirmations. To use this platform, a Unijoin code needs to be created. A user should note it, so it is easy to use it next time. After entering a CryptoMixer code, users need to provide the output address or several of them and then set a time-delay feature. A delay time is determined automatically and a user can modify it if needed. A service fee can be also selected from the table depending on the sent sum. Each transaction requires additional fee of 0.0005 BTC. Also, a calculator on the main page helps every user to see the amount of crypto money sent and got back after mixing. Yomix : Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions Coin Mixer : Fast payouts Mixero : Excellent customer support Coinmize : Zero-log policy Bitcoin Mixer : It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limit 1. Yomix – Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions Yomix is one of those mixing services that keep your crypto safe. The platform will take your bitcoin, mix it with other deposits, and give you the same amount of bitcoin in return. It’s designed to reduce bitcoin tracking, “clean” your coins, and help ensure anonymity on the transparent bitcoin network. A bitcoin mixer service like BitMix.Biz will take your bitcoin, then give you different bitcoin in return. The platform collects everyone’s bitcoin deposits, mixes them up into one central account, and then returns the bitcoins to users. You get the same amount of bitcoin (minus a fee), but different bitcoin from different parts of the blockchain. With BitMix.Biz, you get a letter of guarantee. That letter of guarantee is proof of BitMix.Biz’s obligations. When they give you their bitcoin address, they’ll provide a digitally-signed confirmation that this address has genuinely been generated by the server. That letter is always signed from the BitMix.Biz main bitcoin account (that account is publicly available on BitMix.Biz). The platform also uses a special 12 symbol “code” to ensure you get your bitcoin back every time you use the service. You save that code. That code also 100% excludes you from receiving your own coins anytime in the future. With Yomix you will get: Fully Anonymity After your order is invalid, BitMix.Biz will remove any information about your transactions. Absolutely no logs or personality identifying information is kept regarding your use of the BitMix.Biz service. Instant Transfer Money is instantly transferred to your address after your transaction is confirmed. Partner Program Yomix pays users when they refer others to the platform. They’ll pay for every transaction made by an invited user. The platform charges a mining fee of 0.4 to 4%. You can set the fee manually when you’re mixing your bitcoins. The address fee is 0.0005 BTC per output address to cover any transaction fees charged by miners. BitMix.Biz’s mixing process takes up to 24 hours, although it’s usually “almost instant” depending on the current service load. You’re required to mix a minimum of 0.007 BTC and a maximum of 1000 BTC. Transactions outside this range will not be accepted.Another solid Bitcoin Tumbler option, Yomix requires a minimum deposit of 0.01 BTC to be made but makes up for this with a lower transaction fee of 2% coupled with a 0.0004 BTC network fee. Support for multiple addresses and customer options is provided with users required to provide confirmation for only 1 address. While there is no referral program available, Yomix does offer users with a letter of guarantee for their peace of mind.How it works: you fill in the whole amount of the resource account and the Yomix system divides it into small amounts and distributes them to different wallets, mixing them with the coins of other clients or with bitcoins taken on a foreign cryptocurrency exchange, you also get them in small portions to your wallet already washed. This process increases the anonymity of your coins. Features of the service: The main difference between this server is that it has 2 different mixing modes. Cleaning is carried out automatically.In one of the modes, pure BTC is received through foreign cryptocurrency exchanges. Guarantees with PGP signatures are used. Low and high minimum and maximum entry thresholds from 0.001 BTC to 50 BTC. The mixing procedure takes up to 6 hours. Note that there are services that offer to wait 1-2 days. Registration on this platform is not required. Cleaning is carried out automatically. Data encryption is practiced. At the time of writing, Yomix is one of the best BTC mixing services out there. We definitely recommend it.Yomix is a Bitcoin mixer that processes Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash transactions. The site offers a referral program for new users and supports multiple recipient addresses. Transaction fees start at 0.5% plus an extra 0.0001 BTC for each extra address added. Pros: It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitSecure Exchange 2. Coin Mixer – Fast payouts Coin Mixer supports Bitcoin and Litecoin cryptocurrencies bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.005 BTC, 0.015 LTC and the transaction fee is from 0.4% to 4% + mining fee 0.0003 for BTC, from 2% to 20% + mining fee 0.0003 for LTC. It supports multiple addresses of up to 5 and requires confirmation from 1 till 6. No registration is required and it does offer a referral program as well as a letter of guarantee.How it works: unlike other mixers, this site cleans coins with bitcoins purchased by them on cryptocurrency exchanges. Coin Mixer io examines purchased coins using a scoring system with innovative algorithms and the use of technologies such as blockchain volume analysis, cluster analysis, pollution analysis, etc. After that, you will receive your BTC back, divided into random parts, and even sent in different addresses, if necessary. The whole process takes about 6 hours. The mixer does not require registration and does not store any logs. After each mixing operation, a letter of guarantee is sent, and information about it is eliminated after 24 hours, ensuring complete anonymity. The service also provides round-the-clock technical support. MixTum io charges a flat fee of 5% of the transaction, as well as a network fee of 0.00015 BTC. The program has two versions – for regular browsers and Tor.Bitcoin Blender isn’t as heavily decorated as Coin Mixer, as far as the webpage design goes. But the services and reviews are in no way less as compared to any of the top Bitcoin Tumbler services on the web. It’s a service functional since 2014, and offers two different kind of accounts: Quickmix: Requires no login, but offers lesser control Login enabled account: Requires you to login, provides for more control than the quickmix account. The mixing service is only accessible from its Onion URL, and even though it has a clearnet URL, it primarily only serves an educational purpose. It’s exclusively a Bitcoin mixing service, and supports only Bitcoin. As for the fee, it doesn’t have anything specific, and charges a random fee between 1-3%. This is done to keep our Bitcoins anonymous and more secure, rather than tagging them with a specific fee. Although there’s a special program, or incentive so to say, if amounts worth more than 10 BTC are deposited within a time-frame of 7 days, the fee is reduced by half! Obviously, there also is the time-delay feature, allowing us to delay the transaction by as much as 24 hours. As for security, it supports 2-factor authentication, facilitated with a customized PGP key which ensures only the holder of the PGP key along with the knowledge of the password can access your accounts. It also supports as many as 5 simultaneous deposit addresses, which get you the power to deposit unmixed funds by splitting them into more than one single transaction. And finally, there’s a no logs policy as well, and all the data including deposit addresses and support messages are deleted after 10 days.Coin Mixer is one of the most pocket-friendly, easy to use and customizable Bitcoin laundry platforms in the industry. The user-interface is extremely simple and clean, anyone who has never before used any such service too can navigate around and tumble Bitcoins easily. No registration is required to mix Bitcoins on Blender.io Its “delay” feature lets you set delays from 1-24 hours which increases your anonymity by providing a gap between the deposited coins and the outgoing ones. As for the fee, it’s dynamic, meaning you get to choose the amount of fee you’d like to pay, the minimum fee being 0.5% and the maximum being 2.5% with an additional 0.0005%/address. It’s also one of the rare platforms which provides you with a mixing code which makes sure your previous coins do not get mixed with your newer deposits if you do multiple deposits to the tumbler. The minimum amount you can mix is 0.001BTC while there’s no specific maximum amount as their Bitcoin reserve seems to be quite large. It also has a No Logs Policy and all data is instantly deleted as soon as a transaction is complete; and as for the number of confirmations required it’s 3 for your deposit to be mixed by Coin Mixer It supports 8 addresses for each mix so you can further increase your anonymity. In a nutshell, it gives you the power to choose, is fast, anonymous and totally worth a try. It also supports Segwit and bech32 Addresses, with some terms attached. For e.g. only witness version bech32 addresses are supported. Similarly, only the addresses starting with the number “3” are supported. Pros: Available in Tor Excellent customer support 3. Mixero – Excellent customer support An interesting cryptocurrency tumbler is Mixero. It supports bitcoin and Ethereum cryptocurrencies bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.2 BTC and the transaction fee is 2–5%. It does not support multiple addresses and requires 6 confirmations. No registration is required and it does not offer a referral program.Mixero is a btc shuffle service needed to hide your transfers in the bitcoin world. Mixero currently has a minimum withdrawal threshold of 0.03500000 BTC, so users are advised to deposit more than the entry threshold plus commission, otherwise they will not be able to withdraw funds. The client is asked to set 5 exit addresses. If for some reason, even after a delay of two hours, the user’s balance is not updated, the mixer can contact the support service to take action. For customers who have been inactive for several days, it can take up to 15 minutes after logging in before you see outstanding deposits. Transaction histories are automatically deleted within 1 week after that. The program runs on a dedicated server that is openly connected via the Internet (you don’t need to do this when using the Tor browser). The Bitcoin mixer is launched on another machine, all suspicious activity is monitored, and the website is automatically protected in case of any indication that it is under DDoS attack.Mixero is one of its kind and requires special mention. It supports Bitcoin cryptocurrency and is clearly unknown on the point of no logs policy. It requires a deposit of at least 0.01 BTC and the transaction fee is 2% along with the 0.0004 BTC network fee. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation of 1. No registration is required and it does not offer a referral program. However, the letter of guarantee is provided.Mixero offers a good number of features and has a no logs policy. To get started, you’ll need to deposit a minimum of 0.0015 BTC with no transaction fees charged. As an added plus, Mixero supports multiple addresses with a maximum of 5. You won’t have to register to use this service – which is great for those who prize their privacy. However, the site does not offer a referral program. Pros: Offers a low minimum deposit of 0.002 BTC Provides user-controlled time delays 4. Coinmize – Zero-log policy How it works: you fill in the whole amount of the resource account and the Coinmize system divides it into small amounts and distributes them to different wallets, mixing them with the coins of other clients or with bitcoins taken on a foreign cryptocurrency exchange, you also get them in small portions to your wallet already washed. This process increases the anonymity of your coins. Features of the service: The main difference between this server is that it has 2 different mixing modes. Cleaning is carried out automatically.In one of the modes, pure BTC is received through foreign cryptocurrency exchanges. Guarantees with PGP signatures are used. Low and high minimum and maximum entry thresholds from 0.001 BTC to 50 BTC. The mixing procedure takes up to 6 hours. Note that there are services that offer to wait 1-2 days. Registration on this platform is not required. Cleaning is carried out automatically. Data encryption is practiced. At the time of writing, Coinmize is one of the best BTC mixing services out there. We definitely recommend it.Another coin scrambler Mixtum offers you a so-called free trial period what means that there are no service or transaction fee charged. The process of getting renewed coins is also quite unique, as the tumbler requires a request to be sent over Tor or Clearnet and renewed coins are acquired from stock exchanges.Coinmize is a btc shuffle service needed to hide your transfers in the bitcoin world. Coinmize currently has a minimum withdrawal threshold of 0.03500000 BTC, so users are advised to deposit more than the entry threshold plus commission, otherwise they will not be able to withdraw funds. The client is asked to set 5 exit addresses. If for some reason, even after a delay of two hours, the user’s balance is not updated, the mixer can contact the support service to take action. For customers who have been inactive for several days, it can take up to 15 minutes after logging in before you see outstanding deposits. Transaction histories are automatically deleted within 1 week after that. The program runs on a dedicated server that is openly connected via the Internet (you don’t need to do this when using the Tor browser). The Bitcoin mixer is launched on another machine, all suspicious activity is monitored, and the website is automatically protected in case of any indication that it is under DDoS attack.Coinmize is another one of the mixer that deserves to top most Bitcoin mixer charts based. For starters its user-interface is one of the simplest and easiest to understand. Then, it supports as many as 10 additional addresses, which is the maximum most mixers on this list support. Its fee based on address, 0.0002 per address, no service fee. It has a no logs policy with a 7-day default retention of the logs for support and transaction-related issues, although users get to permanently and instantly delete the logs manually whenever they wish anytime before this 7-day auto clear period as well. Does provide distribution control for each individual address separately; time-delay too is available although it’s randomly set by the platform and not user-controlled. The minimum limit too is quite low at just 0.0005BTC while the maximum limit depends on the real-time reserves. Bottom line, apart from lower user-control on fee and time-delays it’s pretty perfect. Pros: Excellent customer support Customizable mixing settings for better anonymity 5. Bitcoin Mixer – It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitBitcoin Mixer has a deposit requirement of 0.001 BTC and supports a maximum of 2 different addresses. Registration is not compulsory but there is a service charge of 4 – 5% on the amount being transferred. For those with a need for additional privacy, Bitcoin Mixer also accepts Bitcoins with a no log policy.Bitcoin Mixer is a very impressive service if you want to maintain your anonymity when you make purchases online. It can also be useful if you want to do p2p payments and donations. The service is used to mix a person’s funds and give this person some fresh bitcoins. The focus here is on making sure that the blender has the ability to confuse the trail as somebody could try to figure out the source. The best mixer is that one that keeps your anonymity at a max. You want each bitcoin transaction to be very hard to trace. This is where using our bitcoin mixing service makes a lot of sense. Protect your income and personal information becomes much easier. The reason why you want to use our service is because you want to hide your coins from hackers and third-parties. They can do a blockchain analysis, they may be able to track your personal data to steal your bitcoins. With our bitcoin tumbler, you don’t have to worry about that anymore.In the past, Bitcoin Mixer was one of the most popular Bitcoin mixers available in the cryptocurrency world. The first of its kind, this bitcoin mixer was shut down temporarily before returning to limited service. Nowadays, Bitcoin Mixer is primarily used to facilitate anonymous individual transactions.Bitcoin Mixer makes the process of clearing bitcoins very easy and convenient for the client. This resource requires one confirmation of the transaction, after which new clean coins are sent to the specified wallet. Users can also control latency for processing their transactions. This is an offshore service, and its sites are also located offshore. This provides users with additional peace of mind and confidence that their data is strictly confidential. In addition, once the transaction is confirmed, users are sent a unique “delete logs” link, giving users the ability to manually delete their traces of transactions. Bitcoin Mixer charges a modest 0.5% commission. This makes BTC Blender ideal for users clearing large amounts of bitcoin. Pros: No logsNo-logs polici

  72. Всё о строительстве домов из газобетона: проекты, цены и особенности
    Строительство домов из газобетона становится всё более популярным благодаря своим преимуществам: энергоэффективности, экологичности и быстроте возведения. Ниже вы найдете подробную информацию о различных аспектах этого материала и услугах, связанных с его использованием.
    купить дом из газобетона под ключ
    Почему выбирают газобетон для строительства дома?
    Газобетон — это легкий ячеистый бетон, обладающий отличными теплоизоляционными свойствами, высокой прочностью и экологической безопасностью. Он идеально подходит для возведения как одноэтажных, так и двухэтажных домов, а также для реализации различных архитектурных проектов.

    Виды домов из газобетона
    Одноэтажные дома из газобетона
    Проекты одноэтажных домов из газобетона — оптимальный выбор для тех, кто ценит комфорт и простоту.
    Дом из газобетона под ключ — включает все этапы строительства и отделки.
    Цена дома из газобетона под ключ в Москве и Московской области — зависит от площади, проекта и выбранных материалов.
    Двухэтажные дома из газобетона
    Проекты двухэтажных домов из газобетона — позволяют реализовать просторные жилые пространства.
    Строительство домов из газобетона — быстрое и экономичное решение.
    Строительство под ключ: этапы и особенности
    Фундамент для дома из газобетона — ленточный фундамент является наиболее популярным и надежным.
    Строительство из газобетона — включает возведение стен, утепление, отделочные работы.
    Стоимость строительства дома из газобетона под ключ — зависит от площади, сложности проекта и региона.
    Цены на строительство под ключ
    В Москве и Московской области — от 25 000 до 45 000 руб. за м?.
    В других регионах — цены могут быть ниже.
    Почему стоит заказать строительство дома из газобетона под ключ?
    Экономия времени и сил — все этапы от проектирования до отделки выполняются профессионалами.
    Гарантия качества — использование проверенных технологий и материалов.
    Возможность выбрать готовый проект или заказать индивидуальный дизайн.
    Можно ли построить дом из газобетона своими руками?
    Теоретически — да, при наличии строительных навыков и опыта. Однако для обеспечения надежности и соответствия строительных норм рекомендуется доверить работу профессионалам.

  78. Orbiter Finance: Connecting DeFi Ecosystems
    Orbiter Finance is a cutting-edge decentralized finance (DeFi) platform focused on interoperability, liquidity, and seamless asset transfer across multiple blockchains. Its suite of tools and protocols, including Orbiter Swap, Orbiter Fi, and Orbiter Bridge, aims to enhance user experience and expand DeFi capabilities.
    orbiter fi
    Orbiter Finance Overview
    At its core, Orbiter Finance provides a comprehensive ecosystem designed to facilitate cross-chain interactions, liquidity pooling, and decentralized trading. Its primary goal is to enable users to move assets effortlessly between different blockchain networks, ensuring liquidity and accessibility.

    Orbiter Swap
    Orbiter Swap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) protocol within the Orbiter ecosystem. It allows users to swap tokens across various blockchains with minimal friction, leveraging the platform’s interoperability features. Orbiter Swap emphasizes low slippage, high security, and fast transaction times.

    Orbiter Fi
    Orbiter Fi is the yield farming and liquidity provision platform of Orbiter Finance. It enables users to stake their tokens, earn rewards, and participate in liquidity pools across multiple chains. Orbiter Fi aims to maximize returns while maintaining cross-chain compatibility.

    Orbiter Bridge
    Orbiter Bridge is a core component that facilitates cross-chain asset transfers. It acts as a bridge protocol, securely moving tokens and data between different blockchain networks. The Orbiter Bridge ensures interoperability, security, and speed for cross-chain transactions.

    Orbiter Finance Bridge
    Orbiter Finance Bridge specifically refers to the bridge infrastructure within the Orbiter ecosystem that connects various blockchain networks. It supports seamless transfer of assets, such as tokens and stablecoins, enabling users to leverage DeFi opportunities across multiple chains.

    Orbiter Bridge Finance
    Orbiter Bridge Finance encompasses the entire cross-chain transfer and interoperability infrastructure provided by Orbiter. It integrates with Orbiter Swap and Orbiter Fi to create a unified DeFi experience, allowing users to access liquidity, earn yields, and swap tokens across different blockchain ecosystems efficiently.

  81. 1inch Exchange: The Leading DeFi Aggregator
    1inch Exchange is a decentralized finance (DeFi) aggregator that sources liquidity from various decentralized exchanges (DEXs) to provide users with the best possible rates for token swaps. Its innovative approach optimizes trading efficiency, minimizes slippage, and enhances user experience across multiple blockchain networks.
    1inch swap
    1inch Network
    The 1inch network is a decentralized ecosystem comprising multiple components, including the 1inch DEX aggregator, liquidity protocols, and governance mechanisms. It operates across various blockchains, such as Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, Polygon, and more, to facilitate seamless cross-chain trading and liquidity aggregation.

    1inch Swap
    1inch Swap is the core feature that allows users to exchange tokens directly from their wallets. It intelligently splits orders across multiple DEXs to find the most favorable rates, reducing costs and slippage. This feature is accessible via the 1inch interface or integrated into other DeFi platforms.

    1inch Crypto
    1inch crypto refers to the native token of the 1inch ecosystem, used for governance, staking, and incentivization. Holding and staking 1inch tokens grants users voting rights on protocol proposals and participation in liquidity mining programs.

    1inch DEX
    1inch DEX is the decentralized exchange aggregator that connects various liquidity sources to offer optimal trading routes. It enhances liquidity depth and price efficiency by intelligently routing trades across multiple DEXs.

    1inch Token
    The 1inch token (1INCH) is the governance token of the platform. It enables holders to participate in protocol governance, propose and vote on upgrades, and earn rewards through staking and liquidity mining programs.

  92. Today, I went to the beach with my children. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She placed the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear. She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is totally off topic but I had to tell someone!
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  107. Scientists mapped what happens if a crucial system of ocean currents collapses. The weather impact would be extreme
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    The collapse of a crucial network of Atlantic Ocean currents could push parts of the world into a deep freeze, with winter temperatures plunging to around minus 55 degrees Fahrenheit in some cities, bringing “profound climate and societal impacts,” according to a new study.

    There is increasing concern about the future of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation — known as the AMOC — a system of currents that works like a giant conveyor belt, pulling warm water from the Southern Hemisphere and tropics to the Northern Hemisphere, where it cools, sinks and flows back south.

    Multiple studies suggest the AMOC is weakening with some projecting it could even collapse this century as global warming disrupts the balance of heat and salinity that keeps it moving. This would usher in huge global weather and climate shifts — including plunging temperatures in Europe, which relies on the AMOC for its mild climate.

    What’s less clear, however, is how these impacts will unfold in a world heated up by humans burning fossil fuels.

    “What if the AMOC collapses and we have climate change? Does the cooling win or does the warming win?” asked Rene van Westen, a marine and atmospheric researcher at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and co-author of the paper published Wednesday in the Geophysical Research Letters journal.

    This new study is the first to use a modern, complex climate model to answer the question, he told CNN.
    The researchers looked at a scenario where the AMOC weakens by 80% and the Earth is around 2 degrees Celsius warmer than the period before humans began burning large amounts of fossil fuels. The planet is currently at 1.2 degrees of warming.

    They focused on what would happen as the climate stabilized post-collapse, multiple decades into the future.

    Even in this hotter world, they found “substantial cooling” over Europe with sharp drops in average winter temperatures and more intense cold extremes — a very different picture than the United States, where the study found temperatures would continue to increase even with an AMOC collapse.

    Sea ice would spread southward as far as Scandinavia, parts of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, the research found. This would have a huge impact on cold extremes as the white surface of the ice reflects the sun’s energy back into space, amplifying cooling.

    The scientists have created an interactive map to visualize the impacts of an AMOC collapse across the globe.

  110. Curve Finance: Leading DeFi Liquidity and Stablecoin Protocol
    curve finance
    Curve Finance is a decentralized exchange (DEX) optimized for stablecoin and low-volatility asset trading. Known for its efficient liquidity pools and low slippage, Curve has become a cornerstone in the DeFi ecosystem for stable asset swaps and liquidity provision.

    Curve Fi
    Curve Fi refers to the platform’s core protocol that enables users to swap stablecoins and other similar assets with minimal slippage and low fees. It leverages specialized liquidity pools to facilitate efficient trading.

    Curve Finance Crypto
    Curve finance crypto encompasses the native tokens (such as CRV), liquidity provider tokens, and other assets within the Curve ecosystem. These tokens are used for governance, staking, and earning rewards.

    Curve DeFi
    Curve DeFi describes the broader decentralized finance ecosystem built around Curve’s liquidity pools and protocols. It includes yield farming, liquidity mining, and integrations with other DeFi platforms like Yearn, Convex, and more.

    Curve Finance Liquidity Pool
    A Curve liquidity pool is a smart contract that holds assets like stablecoins or similar tokens, allowing users to deposit and earn fees or rewards. These pools are optimized for low slippage and high efficiency, supporting large trading volumes.

    Curve Finance Borrow
    While primarily known for liquidity provision and swaps, Curve also supports borrowing mechanisms indirectly through integrations with lending protocols like Aave or Compound, where users can collateralize assets and borrow against their liquidity pool tokens.

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